The brain stem is the part that controls breathing, it is the stem that allows the respiratory system to work and help you breathe
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The part of the brain that controls breathing is primarily located in the brainstem, specifically in the medulla oblongata and pons. The medulla oblongata contains the respiratory center, which regulates the basic rhythm and depth of breathing. The pons helps to fine-tune breathing by coordinating signals between the respiratory center and the muscles involved in breathing, such as the diaphragm and intercostal muscles.
The part of the brain that controls breathing in the Medulla Oblongata which is located in the Hind Brain ( right on top of the spinal cord). Other functions of the Medulla Oblongata are -Regulates heart rate and diameter of blodd vessels -Acts as a passage /road between nerve tracts in the spinal cord and the upper brain. Without the Medulla Oblongata we would die.
cerebral cortex
I think you are talking about the nucleus, which is the "brain" of the cell. It controls everything that cell does.
The largest and most important part of the brain is the cerebrum.it controls many things like memory,speech,intelligents. However, the most important part in terms of survival has to be the Hypothalamus. It is the part of the brain which controls primal functions such as hunger/thirst, regulation of body tempurature, heartbeat, etc.