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It's basically the same as the glow wires in a toaster, or the filament in an incandescent light bulb. When a current is passed through the element, the resistance makes the element heat up.

Another Answer

When an electric current passes through the heating element, it does work on the heating element, water, and the kettle itself. This causes the internal energy of the element, water, and kettle to rise, and this is accompanied by an increase in temperature. When the temperature exceeds that of the surroundings, some energy is lost to the surroundings through heat transfer. The equation that describes this is:

W - Q = [m c (T2 - T1)]water +[m c (T2 - T1)]kettle

Where:

W = work done (joules)

Q = heat transfer (joules)

m = mass (kilograms)

c = specific heat capacity (joules per kilogram kelvin)

T2 = final temperature (kelvin)

T1 = initial temperature (kelvin)

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stainless steal rod which is located at the bottom of the kettle in all different shapes and sizes

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Q: What metal is the heating element in a kettle?
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