Longitudinal waves consist particles in a medium (ex of a medium= air) vibrate back and forth in a parallel direction to the direction of the wave is traveling. Example of a longitudinal wave are sound waves. Boom!
Opposite of longitudinal waves would be a transverse wave where instead of particles moving in a parallel direction, transverse waves vibrate in a medium, side by side perpendicular to the direction the wave travels to. Example of a transverse wave is a light wave.
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Disturbance in particle motion parallel to the wave velocity is called a longitudinal wave. Disturbance in particle motion perpendicular to the wave velocity is called a transverse wave.
Its a transverse wave.
Longitudinal Waves
When something vibrates, like a loudspeaker, it compresses the air and increases the pressure of the air when it moves out. When the loudspeaker moves in it creates a partial vacum and a decrease in air pressure. The increase/decrease in air pressure is propagated thru the air (or any medium),as a longitudinal wave, by pushing the air in front of it. The part of the cycle which produces the decrease in pressure is called a "rarefacation" of the air.
The characteristics of a sound wave is the Amplitude, Frequency, Wavelength, time period, and velocity. The sound wave itself is a longitudinal wave that shows the rarefactions and compressions of a sound wave.