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The equivalence point, also known as the stoichiometric point, of a chemical reaction is when a titrant is added and is stoichiometrically equal to the number of moles of substance, known as analyte, present in the sample: the smallest amount of titrant that is sufficient to fully neutralize the analyte.
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What happens when you mix a strong acid with a strong base?
When a strong acid and a strong base mix, all acidic protons will react with every basic molecule until one or the other runs out. The curve for a titration of a strong acid with a strong base will change slowly at first, and dramatically when the equivalence point (where the number of moles of acid is equal to the number of moles of base) is reached. The reaction, like all acid-base reactions, is fast.
What does a general acid base reaction look like?
This is a strong base/acid neutralization reaction with a product of salt and water. NaOH + HCl --> NaCl + H2O
Word equation for neutralisation?
The word equation for neutralization is typically represented as "acid + base → salt + water." This equation shows the reaction between an acid and a base resulting in the formation of a salt and water. In this chemical reaction, the acidic properties of the acid are neutralized by the basic properties of the base, leading to the formation of a neutral salt.
Is acetic anhydride an acid or a base?
An anhydride is not an acid and not a base.
Can an amphoteric compound act like an acid and a base?
Am amphoteric substance can react as a base but also as an acid.
Is the equivalence point of a titration always zero?
No, the equivalence point of a titration is not always zero. The equivalence point is the point in a titration where the amount of titrant added is stoichiometrically equivalent to the amount of analyte present in the sample, leading to a neutralization reaction. The pH at the equivalence point depends on the nature of the reaction and the strengths of the acid and base involved.
What does an acid-base titration involve?
An acid-base titration involves mixing a measured volume of an acid solution with a base solution of known concentration until the reaction is complete. An indicator can be used to signal the reaction endpoint, which is known as the equivalence point. The volume of the base solution needed to reach the equivalence point is used to calculate the unknown concentration of the acid.
A titration of an acid and base to the equivalence point results in a noticeably acidic solution It is likely this titration involves?
a weak acid and strong base. At the equivalence point of a titration between a weak acid and a strong base, the resulting solution will have a pH greater than 7, indicating a basic solution. For the solution to be noticeably acidic at the equivalence point, it would suggest an excess of the weak acid after the reaction, which means that the acid is likely weak and not completely neutralized by the strong base.
How can the equivalence point in a titration be detected by using a pH meter?
The pH meter can detect the equivalence point in a titration by monitoring a sudden change in pH value. At the equivalence point, the number of moles of acid and base are equal, causing a rapid increase or decrease in pH depending on the reaction. This abrupt change marks the completion of the reaction and helps determine the exact volume of titrant needed to reach the equivalence point.
Why is the point in the titration when neutralization occurs called the equivalence point?
The equivalence point is where the moles of acid and base in a reaction are present in stoichiometrically equal amounts, resulting in complete neutralization. It is called the equivalence point because the reactants are equivalent in terms of their chemical equivalence at this stage of the titration process.
Why does the pH change rapidly at the equivalence point of a titration?
The equivalence point represents a region where the amount of acid to base (or base to acid) concentration is equal. Before the equivalence point there is a greater amount of acid (or base, depending on the titration). After the titration there is a greater amount of base (or acid). This reverse in dominance results in a dramatic change in pH.
Standardising HCl using Na2CO3 titration. textbook says the solution at the equivalence point is slightly acidic. is it and why?
Yes, the solution at the equivalence point of titrating HCl with Na2CO3 is slightly acidic. This is because a weak acid, H2CO3, is formed in addition to NaCl. The carbonic acid (H2CO3) contributes to the slight acidity of the solution.
How would the pH of the equivalence point for standard solution titration differ from a strong acid-strong base titration?
The pH at the equivalence point of a strong acid-strong base titration would be 7, as the solution is neutralized. In contrast, the pH at the equivalence point for a standard solution titration would depend on the nature of the reaction and the strengths of the acids and bases involved.
What is the significance of the equivalence point when titrating a strong acid with a strong base?
The equivalence point in titrating a strong acid with a strong base is significant because it marks the point at which the moles of acid and base are equal, resulting in a neutral solution. This is important for determining the concentration of the acid or base being titrated.
Is equivalence point PKa?
No, the equivalence point is not the same as pKa. The equivalence point is the point in a titration where the moles of acid are stoichiometrically equal to the moles of base, while pKa is a measure of the strength of an acid and its tendency to donate a proton.
What is meant the endpoint of an acid-base titration?
The endpoint of an acid-base titration is the point at which the indicator changes color or the pH meter reads a significant change in pH, indicating that the reaction between the acid and base is complete. This point signifies that the equivalence point has been reached, where the moles of acid and base have reacted in stoichiometric proportions.
Is the pH always 7 at the equivalence point?
No, the pH is not always 7 at the equivalence point. The pH at the equivalence point depends on the nature of the acid and base being titrated.
