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Ninety percent of all mining of metallic ores is for the extraction of iron. Industrially, iron production involves iron ores, principally hematite (nominally Fe2O3) and magnetite (Fe3O4) in a carbothermic reaction (reduction with carbon) in a blast furnace at temperatures of about 2000 °C. In a blast furnace, iron ore, carbon in the form of coke, and a flux such as limestone (which is used to remove silicon dioxide impurities in the ore which would otherwise clog the furnace with solid material) are fed into the top of the furnace, while a massive blast of heated air, about 4 tons per ton of iron, is forced into the furnace at the bottom.
In the furnace, the coke reacts with oxygen in the air blast to produce carbon monoxide:
2 C + O2 → 2 CO
The carbon monoxide reduces the iron ore (in the chemical equation below, hematite) to molten iron, becoming carbon dioxide in the process:Fe2O3 + 3 CO → 2 Fe + 3 CO2
Ansewr: Heat and CO2 Carbon dioxide
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Iron oxide + carbon monoxide -> iron + carbon dioxide
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Aluminum is not used as the reducing agent in iron extraction because it has a higher reduction potential than iron, meaning it is not able to reduce iron oxide to elemental iron. Carbon, on the other hand, has a lower reduction potential than iron and is commonly used as the reducing agent in the extraction of iron.
What raw materials in the extraction of iron?
The raw materials used in the extraction of iron are iron ore, coke (made from coal), and limestone. Iron ore is the primary source of iron, while coke is used as a reducing agent and fuel, and limestone helps to remove impurities from the iron ore during the smelting process.
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