R = aryl or alkyl group.
O = Oxygen, C = Carbon, H = Hydrogen. With that said:
R-COOH
Indicates an aryl/alkyl bound to a carbon, bound to two oxygens and one oxygen is bound to a hydrogen. If you complete their valence shells you get.
R-C=O
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O-H
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Carboxylix axid. The simplest series of carboxylic acids are the alkanoic acids, R-COOH, where R is a hydrogen or an alkyl group.