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The genome of viruses can mutate over time through a variety of mechanisms. Some viruses are more prone to these mutations than others. When the genome changes, this changes the proteins that are expressed by the virus, included the proteins that are present on the surface of the virus. These proteins are the antigens that are recognised by the host immune system and which trigger the immune response. Antigenic drift is when the genome of the virus mutates thus changing the antigens expressed by the virus. This means that an individual immunized against a virus may not be protected if the virus undergoes antigenic drift as the proteins present of the surface of the virus are not the same as the virus against which the individual was immunized.
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What is h and o antigens?
H antigens correspond to the antigenic type of the bacterial flagellaO antigens correspond to the antigenic type of the Lipopolysaccharide layer on the outer membrane of gram negative bacteriabacteria all have different antigenic types on their surface which react to different types of antibodies and are classified using this method. For example the pathogenic E. coli O157:H7 has the designation 157 for its O antigen meaning it will not react with antibodies with a different serotype.
A random change in a population's allele frequency?
Evolution is the change in allele frequency over time in a population of organisms. By mutation, genetic drift, gene flow and natural selection.
What is a Compound word for drift?
driftwood
What is instrumental drift?
Instrumental drift is the systematic time variation of the instrumental zero value. (A small) temporal variation of the zero reading of the gravimeter.
What is a strategic drift?
A strategic drift, is where strategies progressively fail to address the strategic position of the organization and this is frequently followed by transformational change and demise.
Is swine flu H1N1 an antigenic shift or drift?
Swine flu H1N1 is considered an antigenic shift, as it resulted from a reassortment of genetic material from different influenza virus strains in animals. This led to the emergence of a new subtype that can infect humans.
What are difference between antigen drift and antigenic shift?
Both are mutation occurs in virus (usually influenza). But the difference is: antigenic drift are mutation occurs in viral DNA/RNA that cause a person to be re-infected by the virus. while antigenic shift are mutation occurs in viral characteristic, which cause transition from being able to infect poultry ONLY (not human), --> able to infect BOTH poultry and human.
Does the influenza virus readily change the expressions of its genetic material?
Yes, the influenza virus has a high mutation rate, leading to frequent changes in its genetic material. This genetic variability is one of the reasons why the virus can evade immune responses and vaccines, making it necessary to update flu vaccines regularly to match circulating strains.
What is the suffix of antigenic?
The suffix of antigenic is -ic.
What is CTL escape mutant?
These virus have changed their recognition sequence either via mutation or antigenic drift and are able to escape cytotoxic T lymphocytes of the immune response
Antigenic determinants is the site of an antobody?
Words " Antigenic Determinant " itself yells that it is on antigen
What are haptens?
antigenic when bound to proteins
What is antigenic variation?
An antigenic variation is the mechanism by which an infectious organism changes its surface proteins in favour of circumventing a host immune response.
What are antigens with only one antigenic site called?
Antigens with only one antigenic site are called Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
What the name of a diamond in geometry?
the technical is a antigenic, frogulation.
What is an antigenic shift?
influenza A viruses can trade genetic materials with the viruses of other species. Two different strains trade or merge material, a process known as an antigenic shift.
Can monoclonal antibodies be specific for multiple antigenic determinants?
Yes, monoclonal antibodies can be specific for multiple antigenic determinants if those determinants share similar structural features that allow the antibody to bind to them. This property is known as cross-reactivity. However, some monoclonal antibodies are designed to target a single specific antigenic determinant to ensure high specificity in diagnostic or therapeutic applications.
