When radiation strikes complex biological molecules such as proteins or nucleic acids ,it may fracture the molecules and prevent their proper functioning.This can result in loss of cell vitality,decreased enzyme activity, initiation of cancer and genetic mutations.
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Ionizing radiation, well, "ionizes" things. Since most of our body is water, it tends to ionize water, and that can cause splitting up of the water molecules, H2O, into their component parts, H and O, but in an ionic, i.e. charged, state. This causes chemistry changes in the cells and, if done on a wide enough scale, can cause systemic failure, even death. On a small scale, less is known about the effects of ionizing radiation except to state that, if ingested, small amounts of radioactive material can lodge in sensitive areas of the body, such as the lungs, bones, thyroid, and elsewhere, and the ionizing radiation coming from that material can cause cancer in the long run.
Radiation does damage to the DNA in cells. Because this gets carried over to the daughter cells when it undergoes mitosis, this will then cause the damage to spread.
For one, Nuclear power can harm aquatic life, harm humans with enough radiation, destroy drinking water, and harm the air.
A microwave releases only micro waves. It doesn't release any harmful radiation. The only harm a microwave can cause is if you put certain items that can make it explode (like a lava lamp, dont try that please).
Scientists generally agree it is not harmful except if the intensity is enough to cause heating of the tissues. For example a microwave cooker produces enough heat to cause harm, which is why the door cannot be opened while it's switched on. However it is a controversial subject that includes use of cell phones and other radio frequency transmitters. Today the focus is not on whether it is harmful, but how much and at what levels it is harmful.
Check out the symbols on pages 12 &13 of the Applied Science: GCSE Double Award (Hodder) text bookKeywordsHAZARD - anything that could cause harm.RISK - the likelihood of harm being done.Hazard SymbolsThere are many differents dangers when handling chemicals. Each chemical has a different hazard. Some may be poisonous, cause burns, catch fire easily or even explode.To warn us of the hazards chemicals use hazard symbols. These symbols are used all over the world, so no matter what language its in you'll understand the hazard.CorrosiveA substance that may destroy living tissue on contact.It causes a burn.FlammableA substance that can catch fire easily.OxidisingThis type of substance gives of a large amount of heat when in contact with other substances.ExplosiveA substance that may explode if it comes into contact with a flame or heat. It may also explode due to friction or shock.HarmfulA substance that may cause harm in some wayIrritantA substance that may cause irritation to the skin, eyes or inside your body.ToxicA substance that is poisonous if swallowed or breathed in. It may even go through your skin!BiohazardThese are living organisms that may cause infection.Environmental HazardThese substances damage or pollute the environment.RadiationThese substances are radioactive. Radiation can damage cells and cause cancer.
Short wave radiation. You might separate it to X-ray or Ultra-Violet but basically, any wavelength shorter than 400 nm had degree of harm. The shorter wavelength the more energy/photon and higher risk of causing DNA damage and resulting to cancer.