A filter with a suitable filtering material; special paper, textile, sintered glass or ceramics, bed of kieselgur, etc. Sometimes the filtering is under pressure or vacuum.
Another AnswerEvery filtration method requires two fundamental things: An apparatus to perform the filtration, and directed energy to drive the filtration process. There are uncountably numerous ways to do this. The best method(s) to filter a mixture is determined by the chemical and physical properties of each substance in the mixture.The general process is to find something that will affect one component of the mixture, but not another(s). This could be applying enough heat to boil one substance but not the other (EX distilling salt water), passing the mixture through a membrane that is only permeable to one substance (EX a coffee filter), adding a chemical which will react with one substance to make it precipitate (EX adding Sodium Carbonate to a solution of Calcium Nitrate to make it precipitate into Calcium Carbonate) and many more.
Convection is the movement of particles due to a gradient of energy. Heat energy is thus transfered by the moving particles.
net passive movement of particles
They are tightly packed and vibrate.
The rank of states of matter from slowest to fastest movement of particles is as follows: solid, liquid, gas, plasma. In a solid, particles are tightly packed and have the least amount of movement. In a liquid, particles have more freedom to move around but are still relatively close together. In a gas, particles have the most freedom of movement and are spread out. Plasma is the fastest state of matter, with particles moving at incredibly high speeds due to the presence of free electrons and ions.
In biology, diffusion is the passive movement of molecules or particles along a concentration gradient, or from regions of higher to regions of lower concentration. Diffusion is the free movement of particles in a liquid or gas down a concentration gradient.