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you have a few options. while not many things will dissolve cellulose, there are a few combinations that will work. Thiourea / NaOH seem to prevent aggregation, provided that the solution is not concentrated. another combination that you might want to look into is LiCl / DMF.
There might be other ion / solvent combinations that would work. a very harsh solvent is DMSO, so you might want to explore some other solvent ion combinations.
Cellulose is soluble in cupriethylenediamine (CED), cadmiumethylenediamine (Cadoxen), N-methylmorpholine N-oxide and lithium chloride / dimethylformamide[11]. This is used in the production of regenerated celluloses (as viscose and cellophane) from dissolving pulp.
Answer:
A significant progress has been made in the development of solvents for cellulose. As the results, a number of methods can be listed here, which are visco method, Lyocell, ionic liquid, and alkaline mixture in water.
1. Visco method (in 1894): in this method, a mixture of NaOH and CS2 in water is used to dissolve cellulose. The process consists of three steps including pretreatment of cellulose with NaOH, followed by xanthation with carbon disulfide, leading to the derivatized cellulose, which is soluble in the solvent system.
2. Lyocell (recognized in 1980 and commercialized in 1991 in form of Rayon): in this method, N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO) is used as a direct solvent for dissolving cellulose. It has been proposed that the highly polar N-O group of NMMO can readily form new hydrogen bonding network with cellulose molecules, and thus disrupting the intra- and inter-molecular hydrogen bonding of cellulose itself, leading to the dissolution of cellulose.
3. Ionic liquids (first in 2002): a large number of ionic liquids has been shown the ability to dissolve cellulose without chemically modify it. The mechanism for the dissolution has been proposed is that highly strong polarized ion species of ionic liquids can form hydrogen bonding with the cellulose. However, it is not clear whether both ionic liquid anions and cations involved in the dissolution of cellulose or the anions dominates this process.
4. Alkaline mixtures in water (2005): in this method, a mixture of soda, urea and thiourea with different weight ratios in water have been successfully used to dissolve upto 5 wt% of cellulose at temperature as low as -12 degree Celsius. The mechanism is that soda hydrates and urea hydrates form a inclusion complex (IC) which is possibly able to disrupting the intra- and inter-molecular hydrogen bonding of cellulose molecules through the formation of soda hydrate-bonded cellulose network. Meanwhile, the urea hydrates lies on the surface of this soda hydrate-bonded cellulose network to prevent cellulose form the aggregation, leading to the good dissolution of cellulose in the solvent systems.
However, it should be addressed that until now it is not clear the mechanism for the dissolutions of cellulose. If an effective, economic and environmentally friendly cellulose dissolution method can be developed, it will open new opportunities for using cellulosic materials as renewable and sustainable engineering polymers.
8th April 2012
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Explain how a solute can dissolve in polar and nonpolar solvents?
=a polar solvent dissolves a polar solute, and nonpolar solvents dissolve nonpolar solutes. likes dissolve likes=
Do solutes dissolve solvents?
It is the other way around. The solvent dissolves the solute. A polar solvent, like water, dissolves other polar substances and many ionic substances. A nonpolar solvent dissolves other nonpolar substances. Basically, like dissolves like.
Does different liquids affect the time of dissolving?
Yes. In some liquids material won't dissolve, or dissolve partially and in other it will dissolve fully and even in any rate. Mainly there is two types of solvents, polar (e.g. H2O) and non-polar (e.g. C6H14) Polar materials dissolve better in polar solvents, non-polar materials in non-polar. Further more some materials may dissolve in solvent using chemical reaction (e.g. metal dissolving in acid) Even some particular ions effect dissolving, or eaven molecules, such are called detergents. There is much to discuss on this question.
Do most oils tend to dissolve best in nonpolar solvents?
A basic rule-of-thumb when determining solubility is 'like dissolves like', meaning that a solute will be dissolved by a solvent with similar chemical properties, the most important being its predominant intermolecular force. For oil molecules that are themselves non-polar, they interact with each other mostly through London dispersion forces. Polar solvents, however, interact with either dipole-dipole interactions or hydrogen bonding and therefore would interact poorly with oils. Poor interaction is entropically unfavourable for dissolution. However, with non-polar solvents that interact with London dispersion forces themselves, they can readily interact with oils and dissolve them.
Does oil dissolve?
Good question... With the information in my science classes, OIL does not dissolve in anything. But in my opinion I believe it is possible for oil to dissolve. I think oil may dissolve in acids, or any type of chemical. Oil can also dissolve when placed in boiling water for a period of time. Hope this helps! Good luck
Do all solvents dissolve everthing?
no
Do polar solvents dissolve polar solvents?
Yes. Like dissolves like!
What are the properties of cellulose?
The properties of cellulose include insolubility in water and organic solvents, biodegradability, and ability to decompose.
What are the fat solvents?
Fat solvents are substances that can dissolve fats or lipids. Common fat solvents include organic solvents such as chloroform, ether, and benzene. These solvents are often used in laboratory settings for lipid extraction and purification processes.
What can dissolve?
Generally polar solvents dissolve polar solutes and vice versa.
What solvents can dissolve polypropylene?
hexane
Explain how a solute can dissolve in polar and nonpolar solvents?
=a polar solvent dissolves a polar solute, and nonpolar solvents dissolve nonpolar solutes. likes dissolve likes=
What can NH3 dissolve in?
Ammonia (NH3) can dissolve in water, forming ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH). It can also dissolve in organic solvents like ethanol or acetone.
Does tar dissolve in water?
No, tar does not dissolve in water because it is a nonpolar substance, while water is a polar substance. Polar substances dissolve in polar solvents, and nonpolar substances dissolve in nonpolar solvents.
Does iron dissolve in an organic solvent?
Iron does not typically dissolve easily in organic solvents due to its low solubility in non-polar solvents. However, there are some organic solvents that can dissolve iron at elevated temperatures or under specific conditions, but the process can be slow and inefficient.
What is the difference in the solubility of organic and inorganic compounds in water and in organic solvents?
In general, inorganic compounds will dissolve in polar or inorganic solvents such as water, whereas organic compounds will dissolve in organic solvents. However there are many exceptions to these.
What will lipids dissolve in?
Lipids are insoluble in water but can dissolve in organic solvents such as alcohol, ether, chloroform, and acetone. These solvents break down the nonpolar interactions between lipid molecules, allowing them to dissolve.
