There are 3 main types of faults
1. Normal
2. Strike slip
3. Reverse(Thrust)
In a normal fault the foot wall stays in place while the hanging wall moves DOWNWARDS
In a strike slip the tectonic plate(s) slide past each other horizontally
In a reverse fault, the hanging wall gets pushed UPWARDS over the foot wall
(The pictures are in the reverse order)
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An example of a dip-slip or transform fault is the San Andreas fault in California. In this type of fault, there is horizontal displacement. Another type of fault is a normal fault. In this type of fault, the hanging wall falls below the foot wall. This occurs from tensional stress.
When a force (compression, tension or shear) is applied to the Earth's crust, a type of fault (normal, reverse, or strike-slip) can occur.
the normal fault, the reverse fault, Transcurrent Fault (Strike-Slip Fault), thrust fault
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By studying how the earth's crust reacts to earthquakes, volcanoes, or underground explosions and the like.
cupping, twisting, splitting and knots.
normal reverse strike-slip
Predicting when earthquakes will happen and when volcanoes will erupt
In the extreme tension forces can cause local vulcanism. At a local level it may create fault block mountains. Over larger landscapes, it creates Rift Valleys such as the giant one in East Africa today.