Gold is very inert. And, if you look at the electron state, I believe the gold electrons are not being shared with other elements in the alloy. Thus it would be considered a "mixture".
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According to a Jewlery Co, yes it does mean 18k. They also use a # designation for 14k. I don't know what it is however. These numbered designations are mainly used in France, England and other European countries. They continue as follows: 22 carat ~ 916 18 carat ~ 750 14 carat ~ 585 9 carat ~ 375 Please note: The English, most especially, utilize "carat" in metal purity. Whereas, in the USA we use the word "karat" for metal purity and "carat" in terms of gemstone weight.
Karat measurements are used for gold, and are not related to diamonds. Karat purity indicates the parts of 24 -- pure gold is 24 karat -- that are gold. Nine, 10, 14 and 18 are common karat purity measurements. Diamonds and pearls are weighed using carats -- one gram equals five carats. Every carat is pure diamond.
Tin
It is the carbon group, named after a characteristics element of the group.
The difference between the different types of gold is in the purity of the gold. The karat weight of gold is measured by a gold's purity, with 24 karat gold being pure gold. Therefore, 22 karat gold would have a purity of 22/24 or 91.7 percent, 18 karat gold would have a purity of 18/24 or 75 percent, 14 karat gold would have a purity of 14/24 or 50 percent and 10 karat gold would have a purity of 10/24 or 41.6 percent. As the purity of gold decreases, the alloy in the jewelry increases. Copper and silver are the most common alloys used when making gold jewelry and white gold is usually made with a nickel alloy. The higher karat weight a gold piece of jewelry has, the more valuable that piece of jewelry will be.