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How many pairs of chromosomes found in a gametes?
In human gametes, chromosomes are not paired. Instead, each gamete has one set of 23 chromosomes, and is said to be haploid.
How many chromosomes are present in human haploid and diploid cells?
human diploid numbers are 46 chromosomes (the total amount of chromosomes) and the haploid number is 23 (half the number of chromosomes) in meiosis the desired number is the haploid number for gametes (sex cells) and it becomes the diploid number after fertilization and for mitosis its the diploid number because it wants to maintain its chromosomes since its not sexual reproduction
What are the gametes of plants?
Flowering plants have gametes, which are the haploid sex cells. The sperm (male gamete) are found in the pollen on top of the anther. The eggs (female gamete) are located deep in a ovule usually in the center of the flower. Some flowers "self-pollinate" and others must have help from pollinators, such as bees, to get the sperm to the egg for the production of seeds.
What heredity factors were described by Mendel?
The Principles of Mendelian Heredity:A. Law of Segregation (First law)-The Law of Segregation states that when any individual produces gametes, the copies of a gene separate so that each gamete receives only one copy. A gamete will receive one allele or the other. The direct proof of this was later found following the observation of meiosis by two independent scientists, the German botanist, Oscar Hertwig in 1876, and the Belgian zoologist, Edouard Van Beneden in 1883. In meiosis the paternal and maternal chromosomes get separated and the alleles with the traits of a character are segregated into two different gametes.B. Law of Independent Assortment(Second law)-The Law of Independent Assortment, also known as "Inheritance Law", states that alleles of different genes assort independently of one another during gamete formation. While Mendel's experiments with mixing one trait always resulted in a 3:1 ratio (Fig. 1) between dominant and recessive phenotypes, his experiments with mixing two traits (dihybrid cross) showed 9:3:3:1 ratios (Fig. 2). But the 9:3:3:1 table shows that each of the two genes are independently inherited with a 3:1 phenotypic ratio. Mendel concluded that different traits are inherited independently of each other, so that there is no relation, for example, between a cat's color and tail length. This is actually only true for genes that are not linked to each otheIndependent assortment occurs during meiosis I in eukaryotic organisms, specifically metaphase I of meiosis, to produce a gamete with a mixture of the organism's maternal and paternal chromosomes. Along with chromosomal crossover, this process aids in increasing genetic diversity by producing novel genetic combinations.Of the 46 chromosomes in a normal diploid human cell, half are maternally-derived (from the mother's egg) and half are paternally-derived (from the father's sperm). This occurs as sexual reproduction involves the fusion of two haploid gametes (the egg and sperm) to produce a new organism having the full complement of chromosomes. During gametogenesis-the production of new gametes by an adult-the normal complement of 46 chromosomes needs to be halved to 23 to ensure that the resulting haploid gamete can join with another gamete to produce a diploid organism. An error in the number of chromosomes, such as those caused by a diploid gamete joining with a haploid gamete, is termed aneuploidy.In independent assortment the chromosomes that end up in a newly-formed gamete are randomly sorted from all possible combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes. Because gametes end up with a random mix instead of a pre-defined "set" from either parent, gametes are therefore considered assorted independently. As such, the gamete can end up with any combination of paternal or maternal chromosomes. Any of the possible combinations of gametes formed from maternal and paternal chromosomes will occur with equal frequency. For human gametes, with 23 pairs of chromosomes, the number of possibilities is 223 or 8,388,608 possible combinations.[3] The gametes will normally end up with 23 chromosomes, but the origin of any particular one will be randomly selected from paternal or maternal chromosomes. This contributes to the genetic variability of progeny.Law of Dominance:Mendel's law of dominance states that if you have a pair of genes then the one that shows up in the offspring is most likely the dominant gene because the dominant is passed along more often than the recessive.
What is one set of structures found in the nucleus made of DNA plus some protein?
The structures in the nucleus that contain DNA are chromosomes. Chromosomes are rod-like structures that are composed of DNA and protein.
