Its a series of events that lead to the act of hypothesizing. During the process of observation, active or passively, the observer witnesses an action and then proves the effect, or in reverse. Theory is the second step in the scientific method in order for this theory to mature to Law the scientist then attempts to draw correlation between data of like events and apply them to same series of examination.
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It's sort of a vote (or a consensus),
but it requires that the concept have been tested multiple times and never proven false.
The other way around. Its hard to become a theory.
It is a scientific theory.
A theory, when proven over time, can become a law. Example: Law of Gravity and Theory of Evolution
A scientific theory is a well tested concept that explains a wide range of observations.
If by "why" you mean "what," a well tested framework that explains a wide range of observations in science is called a theory.