Solar heating of the Earth's surface (land or water) heats the air above it, which becomes less dense that the air above it, and is displaced (rises). Once at higher altitudes, the air cools and sinks. The largest convection process transports heat and water vapor poleward from the tropics.
convection
which diagram correctly indicates why convection currents form in water when water is heated
the layer that has convection currents is the mantle
Convection currents
They travels in the form of waves and are filtered through the Earth's atmosphere.