With a rotor braking system there is a curved brace with lining that fits inside the wall of a round drum. When the brake pedal is pressed, hydraulic fluid goes through the line and makes the brace with the lining press against the side of the drum until the drum stops turning.
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To build a centrifuge you first need to decide what G force you need to generate. This is a function of the distance that the unit to be centrifuged is from the center axis and the rotational frequency (RPM). A major difficult you might run into is balancing the unit you make. The basic components of a centrifuge are the motor, case, rotor, and shield. The rotor holds the tubes, the case holds the motor in place and is a sturdy base, the shield protects you from any debri that could be thrown from an unbalanced rotor. If you MUST build a centrifuge you will need to learn to machine an accurate and balanced rotor. You are really just better off buying one. If you are in search of a cheap and simple centrifuge for playing with, use some tubing and an egg beater like these students did: http://www.rsc.org/delivery/_ArticleLinking/DisplayHTMLArticleforfree.cfm?JournalCode=LC&Year=2008&ManuscriptID=b809830c&Iss=Advance_Article
An AC generator (Alternator). A rotor is turned into a magnet by what is known as 'excitation' current. The rotor then induces AC current in the stator windings as it is rotated within it. This is AC, due to the fact that the rotor has a north and south pole, which alternately induces current in the stator windings. The exitation current is provided to the rotor via slip rings. Controlling this excitation current will also control the output power by suitable control circuitry. This is the same principle, whether it is a small domestic generator, a power station, a wind turbine, or a car alternator.
A desiccant home dehumidifier is a system that utilizes a desiccant content to generate a dehumidification impact. The procedure includes revealing the desiccant.
If you really want to see how this is done, try Googling "Chadwick Helmuth Strobex". They make machines to balance rotors and propellers.
LRA is not any known unit of measure. You can convert horsepower to BTU per hour, calories per second, ergs per second, watts, Kilowatts, MW, GW, etc.