To determine if a bacterium can ferment a particular carbohydrate and determine the end products of that fermentation
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Phenol red in a medium is used as a pH indicator. In an acidic pH, phenol red will turn yellow.
phenol red act as the pH indicator. As the substrate urea is split into products, the presence of ammonia caused alkaline environment that cause the phenol red to turn to deep pink. Useful to test Proteus vulgaris.
A solution of phenol red is a liquid.
It turns a yellow-ish color when CO2 is added.
RPMI (Roswell Park Memorial institute) formula is red in color because a pH indicator, phenol red, is usually added to it. When living animal cells are grown in RPMI formula, they release metabolic waste products that change the pH toward acid (sort of like peeing in a swimming pool). As the acid wastes build up, the color fades from red to pink, and can even turn straw yellow with a lot of waste product contamination. The phenol red color changes indicate when the medium needs to be changed, which can differ according to the needs of the project. Maybe at the pink pH stage, or at the yellow pH stage, for example. This avoids having to keep testing the contents of the test tube or flask to determine how the pH is changing. Too much acid, and the cells will do poorly, or even die. The 'old' medium is decanted and fresh medium is poured in, if the cells need to keep growing in the same test tube or flask.
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