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Lithium has 3 protons and three electrons in its neutral state. In a higher energy state, it loses its outer electron to become Li+ or ionized lithium.

Lithium is in group 1 on the Periodic Table. This means that it has only 1 valence electron. Lithium will tend to lose that electron when it ionizes and become an ion. An ion is any atom or molecule with a charge. When Li loses the electron, it loses one of its negative charges so the atom becomes an ion with a +1 charge because it now has 3 positively charged protons and only 2 negatively charged electrons.

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