To be precise, "Frankenstein" was the scientist (who was not brought back to life) and his creation was brought to life, not necessarily brought BACK to life.
In the book, Dr. Frankenstein brought life to lifeless matter to create "the creature". He never actually explains how he did it.
In the movie versions of Frankenstein, the creature (or monster) is usually shown to have been assembled from body parts of previously deceased people and reanimated using a bolt of lighting as a power source, but some have it achieved through some kind of chemical means.
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In Shelley's original work, Frankenstein's monster was created by means of Alchemy that are not detailed in the book. In popular media, though, Frankenstein's creature is often brought to life by being stitched together out of various organic parts and brought to life by lightning.
In Mary Shelly's novel Frankenstein, Dr. Victor Frankenstein discovered the secret of life itself when he assembled his monster and brought it to life.
When Victor Frankenstein pumped electricity into the monster's body, the monster was brought to life.
Nothing really. Frankenstein was supposed to be a scary monster. But it may be because of the fact of Franky here getting brought to life by adding a brain and a heart.
High voltage shock -- much like what they use in the hospital to restart a stopped heart.