Because he is a friend of Gandalf's. Long ago Gandalf found the Lord of the Eagles wounded and near death, but Gandalf saved him, therefore the Lord of the Eagles was forever loyal to Gandalf.
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The reason that the eagles did not help was because they were sure they would not succeed without all of them dying, in the Hobbit it is shown that they tend to avoid fighting, and wouldn't even take Bilbo over a camp of Goblins because it was dangerous. In short, the eagles were sure the Great Eye would see them, and they would get shot out of the sky, thus getting the ring to Sauron.
The eagles' arrival was one of the last things that Bilbo saw before being knocked out. The eagles were able to throw the goblins off the side of the mountain. The goblins were throwing large rocks down on top of the armies, causing many injuries and deaths.
At the end of chapter 17 of The Hobbit by J.R.R. Tolkien, when it seems as if the goblins will destroy the elves, dwarves, and men, it is the Eagles who appear in the nick of time to aid in the battle, led by the great Eagle of the Misty Mountains.
The eagles, having no immediate allies, do not wilfully go and help out others. Gandalf was the only reason the eagles helped out the Company. The Eagles would make off with the woodmen's sheep and livestock for food, and the woodmen learnt to defend against this, and made great bows of yew. Therefore, even though they would not be stealing livestock as they would just be dropping the Company off, the men would get the wrong impression and open fire on the eagles.Men shoot at them with their bows and attack them.Because of the great bows the men employ to protect their flocks. They think the eagles steal their sheep, and sometimes they do.
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None, really. He stationed himself with the elves and put on the ring. He was knocked unconscious by a rock from above and missed most of the battle. when he woke he found thorin dying and the land tattered
Bilbo, with the help of Fili and Kili.