Surah Alaq (96 # in Quran) was the first surah reveled to Prophet Muhammad PBUH in Cave Hira.
because the prophet muhammed called the this surah one third of quran
I think maybe Surah Yusuf or Yunus. Maybe Yusuf more.
I'm not sure, but there is a Surah about called Nuh
surah thoor
The shortest surah in the Quran is Surah Al-Kawthar, which consists of only three verses. It is the 108th chapter of the Quran and is recited frequently in daily prayers by Muslims around the world. The surah emphasizes the abundance of blessings and goodness bestowed upon the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) by Allah.
Only one Sura is named "Muhammad".
Please read detailed explanation of Surah Yusuf in Quran.
His story appears here n there, eg Surah 7: 73-79. Sura shams also has a portion dedicated to it.
The Surah that is said to be the heart of the Quran is Yasin.
It is obviously Surah Al Kawthar Surah number 108 in the Holy Quran.
Surah Tawba