The best way to make icing sugar hard is simply to leave it out. Within hours the air exposed frosting will harden.
The best way to make icing sugar hard is simply to leave it out. Within hours the air exposed frosting will harden.
No, not all the air is used up when something burns in the air. The burning process consumes oxygen from the air, but not all of it. There is still plenty of other gases in the air, such as nitrogen.
Air is whipped and folded into your item to add volume and fluff. Such as icing, ice cream, taffy.
The best way to make icing sugar hard is simply to leave it out. Within hours the air exposed frosting will harden.
When sugar burns in a pot, it undergoes a chemical change known as combustion. The heat causes the sugar molecules to break down and react with oxygen in the air, forming new substances such as carbon dioxide and water vapor. This reaction releases energy in the form of heat and light.
== == It is used in cooking, for mixing ingredients together, and it can also be used to combine the yolks and whites of eggs, and adding volume (air) to cake or icing.
When sugar burns, it undergoes a chemical reaction called combustion where it reacts with oxygen in the air to produce carbon dioxide and water vapor. The heat generated from the burning sugar causes the sugar molecules to break down into carbon and ash, resulting in a caramelized residue. The combustion of sugar is exothermic, meaning it releases heat energy as a byproduct.
No
Just plain old ordinary air, but heated by the flame of the burner (which I believe burns propane gas).
Royal Icing is a pure white icing that dries to a smooth, hard, matte finish. Besides its lovely finish it also colors beautifully which makes it a favorite of professionals who use it not only for frosting cakes and cookies, but also for intricate piping of decorations (flowers, borders, and lettering). It is simply a mixture of powdered (icing or confectioners) sugar, lemon juice, and raw egg whites.Buttercream Icing is an easy to make egg-free frosting that works great for decorating cookies for holidays, birthdays and parties. When you need to add coloring to icing, use color paste. If you use liquid coloring, you may need to add more confectioner's sugar."Recipes for both follow:Buttercream Icing:* 1/2 cup shortening* 1/2 cup butter, softened* 1 teaspoon vanilla extract* 4 cups confectioners' sugar* 2 tablespoons milkDIRECTIONS1. In a large bowl, cream together the butter, shortening, and vanilla. Blend in the sugar, one cup at a time, beating well after each addition. Beat in the milk, and continue mixing until light and fluffy. Keep icing covered until ready to decorate.Royal Icing Using Egg Whites:2 large egg whites2 teaspoons fresh lemon juice3 cups (330 grams) confectioners (powdered or icing) sugar, siftedRoyal Icing Using Meringue Powder:4 cups (440 grams) confectioners' (powdered or icing) sugar3 tablespoons (30 grams) meringue powder1/2 teaspoon extract (vanilla, lemon, almond)1/2 - 3/4 cup (120 - 180 ml) warm waterNote: Food Coloring (I use Gel Pastes that can be found at cake decorating and party stores or else on-line)For Royal Icing with Egg Whites: In the bowl of your electric mixer (or with a hand mixer), beat the egg whites with the lemon juice. Add the sifted powdered sugar and beat on low speed until combined and smooth. The icing needs to be used immediately or transferred to an airtight container as royal icing hardens when exposed to air. Cover with plastic wrap when not in use.For Royal Icing with Meringue Powder: In the bowl of your electric mixer (or with a hand mixer), beat the confectioners' sugar and meringue powder until combined. Add the water and beat on medium to high speed until very glossy and stiff peaks form (5 to 7 minutes). If necessary, to get the right consistency, add more powdered sugar or water. To cover or 'flood' the entire surface of the cookie with icing, the proper consistency is when you lift the beater, the ribbon of icing that falls back into the bowl remains on the surface of the icing for a few seconds before disappearing.The icing needs to be used immediately or transferred to an airtight container as royal icing hardens when exposed to air. Cover with plastic wrap when not in use.Makes about 3 cups
The color of the flame seen when sulfur burns in air is blue.