The battle of Yorktown started on a Tuesday.
A tuesday
St. Crispan's Day
The Battle of Hastings occurred on 14 October 1066.
Hogwarts has a great deal of damage done to it during the Battle of Hogwarts, but everyone rebuilds it to it's prime and generations of students continue to be educated there, to this day. :-)
Close to Richmond, Virginia.
The final battle was on 6 March 1836.
Alabama.
Near present day Brownsville, Texas.
Harry Potter is not set in the present day - Philopher's Stone is set in the year 1991 and then each book is set one year after the last (ie. Chamber of Secrets is set in 1992, Prisoner of Azkaban is set in 1993 etc)
The fight for Little Round Top occurred on the second day of the battle, July 2. It was in the southern portion of the Gettysburg battlefield. The battle took place on northern soil.
Anatolia, in Asia Minor (present-day country of Turkey).