Type your answer here... Introduction, rising action, climax, resolution
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The most important contrast is probably the narrative sequence. Traditional plotting takes us through the exposition first (who's who, where it's happening, that sort of thing) then launches into the action.
"Modern" fiction begins "in medias res," which is Latin for "in the middle of the action." Necessary back story (exposition) will be dropped in throughout the work where necessary.
For example: let's say you're writing a story about the Revolutionary War in the American colonies. A traditional structure could introduce us to the central characters as childrren and tell us how one of them came to be a revolutionary while the other remained a loyal British subject, then go on to talk about the events that led up to the Revolution, culminating in a battle that brings the central characters together for a final struggle.
A modern novel might well begin at the height of the battle, when the central characters discover they're fighting against each other, then drop back to scenes from their childhood together, perhaps "cut away" to a dialog in the command headquarters to give us background about the political situation, and hold off on the end of the battle until the last chapter.
A modern plot typically involves more complex storytelling techniques, non-linear narratives, and ambiguity in endings. Traditional plots tend to follow a linear structure with a clear beginning, middle, and end, and often have a more straightforward resolution. Modern plots may also incorporate multiple perspectives or unreliable narrators to create intrigue and challenge the audience's expectations.