Usually no. They just check you passport for validity and all other needed papers. But generally no.
Not necessarily just for being fingerprinted - however if the employer conducts a criminal history background check on you it will.
Yes.
No finger printing is an extreme form of documentation
Not generally. If you are suspected of a crime, then that is another matter.
Yes, it is common practice for individuals arrested for a DUI in NJ to be fingerprinted as part of the booking process. These fingerprints may be used for identification and processing purposes during the legal proceedings.
Most police stations will provide that service free of charge.
IF, your prints were entered into the system, they will be there.
It would be seen as a grave invasion of privacy.
Not typically, no. They're taken for immigration into the US, but usually a passport is all that's needed. No, you will not automatically be fingerprinted. However, customs has the power to force you too. This should only happen if they are suspicious of you though.
Yes. If you have a warrant, it's in the police system, which can be accessed from any police station in the US. When they run a backround check on you, it will appear.
Not usually, unless you are applying for a public service/government job.