Extremophiles, organisms that thrive in extreme conditions such as high temperatures or high salinity, were originally thought to only exist in extreme environments. However, they have since been discovered in diverse habitats including soil, water, and the human body. This highlights the adaptability and resilience of extremophiles to various environmental conditions.
If you mean the ones that live in extreme environments (not limited to just water), they are archaebacteria. These have been found living in volcanos, in the water in a nucleur reactor, in the depths of the ocean where there is no sunlight, amongst other places.
Archaea have been found in extreme environments such as hot springs (thermal vents), acidic environments (acidic mines), alkaline environments (alkaline lakes), high-salt environments (salt flats), and deep-sea hydrothermal vents. These extreme environments have unique conditions like high temperatures, acidity, alkalinity, salinity, and pressure, and Archaea have evolved to thrive in them.
The oldest forms of life are found in the kingdoms Archaea and Bacteria. These are both prokaryotic organisms that have been on Earth for billions of years. They are known for their resilience and adaptability to extreme environments.
Life has been found in extreme environments such as hydrothermal vents deep in the ocean, acidic hot springs, and ice-covered lakes in Antarctica. These environments challenge the traditional understanding of habitable conditions, showing that life can thrive in extreme temperatures, pressures, and chemical compositions. This suggests that life forms may not always need the "Goldilocks" conditions typically associated with habitable zones.
The tardigrade, also known as a water bear, is one of the most radiation-resistant creatures. It has been found to survive in extreme environments, including high levels of radiation.
Creatures known as extremophiles have been found to live in extremely hot environments, but no known creature can survive in molten lava due to the extreme heat.
Plasma is a state of matter not commonly found on Earth. It is a highly-ionized gas that is typically found in extreme environments like lightning strikes, stars, and some experimental facilities.
Archaebacteria can be found in extreme environments such as hot springs, hydrothermal vents, salt flats, and acidic or alkaline environments. They are also found in the intestines of certain animals, such as cows and humans.
The best-preserved bodies have been found in extreme environments where natural mummification can occur, such as in arid deserts like the Atacama Desert in Chile and the Taklamakan Desert in China, or in cold environments like the permafrost regions in Siberia, Russia. These conditions help slow down the process of decay and decomposition, leading to the exceptional preservation of the bodies.
The domain that consists of prokaryotic organisms that thrive in Earth's harshest environments is Archaea. Archaea are known for their ability to survive in extreme environments such as hot springs, deep-sea vents, and salt flats. They have unique biochemical and genetic characteristics that differentiate them from bacteria and eukaryotes.
Archaea bacteria are typically not harmful to humans and are commonly found in extreme environments such as hot springs and hydrothermal vents. However, some archaea have been associated with human infections in rare cases, but this is not a common occurrence.