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translation and transcription
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∙ 15y ago
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Enzymes are produced as a direct result of which process?
1)protein synthesis 2)photosynthesis 3)respiration 4)enzymatic hydrolysis
What are the 2 parts to protein synthesis?
the two parts of protein synthesis is transcription and translation. transcription is the formation of messenger RNA from DNA it takes place within the nucleus.translation is the second part of protein synthesis which occurs outside the nucleus on surface of the ribosomes it occurs as one continuous process.
What is happening to the chromosomes at interphase?
Interphase consists of Gap 1, Synthesis, and Gap 2. During Gap 1, cells perform normal functions and undergo additional growth. During Synthesis, the DNA is replicated. Gap 2 is the "housekeeping" stage. The cell ensures all processes are complete for division to begin.
Which 2 processes are necessary to produce a protein?
transcription and translation
3 steps of protein synthesis?
Transcription: DNA is used as a template to make a complementary RNA molecule. Translation: The mRNA produced during transcription is used to synthesize a specific protein by ribosomes. Protein folding and modification: The newly synthesized protein undergoes folding and post-translational modifications to become functional.
Scientific name of methionine?
The scientific name of methionine is L-methionine or (2S)-2-amino-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoic acid. It is an essential amino acid that plays a crucial role in protein synthesis and various metabolic processes in the body.
Why are gtp used in protein synthesis?
I can only guess...some probable reasons maybe : 1. many cellular processes require ATP, hence there are many ATP binding proteins. Also, protein synthesis is a continuous process in the cell with a majority of cell wt being constituted by ribosomes. Hence, 2 different energy sources would mean less competition between enzymes for ATP binding. 2. During nutritional stress, protein synthesis occurs at an enhanced rate. Thus, there may be a functional need to de-couple energy status of the cell (decreased ATP) with protein biosynthesis. Although, I'm not sure if use of GTP is the cause or effect of this phenomenon(!)
Is insulin a steroid hormone?
Insulin is an anabolic hormone as: 1) it promotes glycogen synthesis & inhibits glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in carbohydrates. 2) it promotes lipogenesis & inhibits lipolysis. 3) promotes protein synthesis & inhibits protein degradation
What percent of DNA codes for protein synthesis?
Approximately 1-2% of the human genome codes for protein synthesis. The rest of the DNA is involved in regulating gene expression, controlling cell functions, and having other structural roles.
What three components are necessary to iniate protein synthesis?
The three components necessary to initiate protein synthesis are messenger RNA (mRNA) which carries the genetic information, transfer RNA (tRNA) which brings amino acids to the ribosome, and ribosomes which are the molecular machines that catalyze the assembly of amino acids into proteins based on the mRNA sequence.
What are functions of RNA in bacteria?
In bacteria, RNA serves several functions such as carrying out protein synthesis through translation, regulating gene expression at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, and participating in various cellular processes like signal transduction, stress responses, and RNA processing. Additionally, certain types of RNA molecules in bacteria can also act as genetic elements that contribute to genome instability or mobile genetic elements.
Four ways hormones may alter cellular activity?
Hormones can bind to specific receptors on target cells, triggering intracellular signaling cascades that alter gene expression and protein synthesis. Hormones can influence enzymatic activity within cells, promoting or inhibiting certain chemical reactions. Hormones can regulate ion transport across cell membranes, affecting cell membrane potential and signaling. Hormones can modulate cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis through various signaling pathways.
