A clause is a group of words that contain both a subject and a verb. They are not a sentence, yet they can become one if you capitalize the first letter, and add punctuation. They can be incomplete thoughts or complete.
Incomplete: As soon as I walked out.
Complete: She is miserable.
Dependent clauses are incomplete thoughts. Dependent clauses need a subordinating conjunction.
Independent clauses are complete thoughts. They can be a sentence, or can be in a sentence with a dependent clause.
In documents
A specific, separate article in document, usually a treaty, bill, or some other kind of legally binding document. A document may have separate clauses dealing with specific issues.
In sentences
It is a group of words that has a subject and a predicate. It may be either independent (able to stand alone), or dependent when it modifies part of another clause.
noun clause
independent clausenoun clauseadverb clauseadjective clause
participial phrase
subordinating
"What is An independent clause that expresses a complete thought?" is a question, so it is an interrogative sentence.
what kind of clause is than jogging
what kind of clause is than jogging
adverb clause
the compound clause and the complex clause
It can be an independent clause or a dependent clause. It is an independent clause if does not have a word at the beginning like "but" or "because". If there is a word like this at the beginning of the clause, it is a dependent clause.
noun clause
"You" is not an adjective clause, or any other kind of clause, because it is a single word. "You" is a pronoun.
If clause - part of of a conditional sentence. If you arrive early I will not be ready.
independent clausenoun clauseadverb clauseadjective clause
prepositional
independent
That is a relative clause, specifically a restrictive relative clause, providing essential information about the type of clause being discussed.