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Medium voltage is over 1000 v, high voltage is over 45 kV.
High Voltage Festival was created in 2010.
its because of transformers . they work with pulse
The High Voltage Engineering Corp. was founded in 1946
No it is not.
The intake air temp sensor is included in the MAF sensor.The power to the MAF is black with a blue line.The MAF ground is black with a green line.The MAF output voltage wire (used for nitrous or methanol injection) is yellow with a red line.
A high dc voltage would be applied to test the insulation between the windings.
dont work to fired run
Code 33: Mass air flow (MAF) sensor Signal voltage or frequency is high during engine idle OR Manifold absolute pressure (MAP) sensor Signal voltage is high during engine idle. Engine misfire or unstable idle may cause this code.
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I had the same problem with my 01, changed the MAF and all problems are now gone.
Mass Airflow Sensor Operation The Mass Airflow (MAF) sensor directly measures the mass of air being drawn into the engine. The sensor output is used to calculate injector pulse width. The (MAF) sensor is what is referred to as a "hot-wire sensor". The sensor uses a thin platinum wire filament, wound on a ceramic bobbin and coated with glass, that is heated to 200*C (417*F) above the ambient air temperature and subjected to the intake airflow stream. A "cold-wire" is used inside the (MAF) sensor to determine the ambient air temperature. Battery voltage from the EEC power relay, and a reference signal and a ground signal from the PCM are supplies to the (MAF) sensor. The sensor returns a signal proportionate to the current flow required to keep the "hot-wire" at the required temperature. The increased airflow across the "hot-wire" acts as a cooling fan, lowering the resistance and requiring more current to maintain the temperature of the wire. The increased current is measured by the voltage in the circuit, as current increases, voltage increases. As the airflow increases the signal return voltage of a normally operating (MAF) sensor will increase. Testing 1. Using a multimeter, check for voltage by back probing the (MAF) sensor connector. 2. With the key ON, and the engine OFF, verify that there is at least 10.5 volts between the VPWR and GND terminals of the (MAF) sensor connector. If voltage is not within specification, check power and ground circuits and repair as necessary. 3. With the key ON, and the engine ON, verify that there is at least 4.5 volts between the SIG and GND terminals of the (MAF) sensor connector. If voltage is not within specification, check power and ground circuits and repair as necessary. 4. With the key ON, and the engine ON, check voltage between GND and SIG RTN terminals. Voltage should be approximately 0.34-1.96 volts. If voltage is not within specification, the sensor may be faulty. Removal & Installation (4.6L & 5.4L) 1. Disconnect the negative battery cable. 2. Release the air cleaner clamp and separate the air cleaner halves. 3. Remove the grommet from the air cleaner housing and slide the grommet down the hardness. 4. Remove the (MAF) sensor plate and (MAF) sensor from the air cleaner. 5. Detach the (MAF) sensor from the harness. 6. Remove the retaining nuts and remove the (MAF) sensor. 7. Installation is the reverse of removal.
Mass Airflow Sensor Operation The Mass Airflow (MAF) sensor directly measures the mass of air being drawn into the engine. The sensor output is used to calculate injector pulse width. The (MAF) sensor is what is referred to as a "hot-wire sensor". The sensor uses a thin platinum wire filament, wound on a ceramic bobbin and coated with glass, that is heated to 200*C (417*F) above the ambient air temperature and subjected to the intake airflow stream. A "cold-wire" is used inside the (MAF) sensor to determine the ambient air temperature. Battery voltage from the EEC power relay, and a reference signal and a ground signal from the PCM are supplies to the (MAF) sensor. The sensor returns a signal proportionate to the current flow required to keep the "hot-wire" at the required temperature. The increased airflow across the "hot-wire" acts as a cooling fan, lowering the resistance and requiring more current to maintain the temperature of the wire. The increased current is measured by the voltage in the circuit, as current increases, voltage increases. As the airflow increases the signal return voltage of a normally operating (MAF) sensor will increase. Testing 1. Using a multimeter, check for voltage by back probing the (MAF) sensor connector. 2. With the key ON, and the engine OFF, verify that there is at least 10.5 volts between the VPWR and GND terminals of the (MAF) sensor connector. If voltage is not within specification, check power and ground circuits and repair as necessary. 3. With the key ON, and the engine ON, verify that there is at least 4.5 volts between the SIG and GND terminals of the (MAF) sensor connector. If voltage is not within specification, check power and ground circuits and repair as necessary. 4. With the key ON, and the engine ON, check voltage between GND and SIG RTN terminals. Voltage should be approximately 0.34-1.96 volts. If voltage is not within specification, the sensor may be faulty. Removal & Installation (4.6L & 5.4L) 1. Disconnect the negative battery cable. 2. Release the air cleaner clamp and separate the air cleaner halves. 3. Remove the grommet from the air cleaner housing and slide the grommet down the hardness. 4. Remove the (MAF) sensor plate and (MAF) sensor from the air cleaner. 5. Detach the (MAF) sensor from the harness. 6. Remove the retaining nuts and remove the (MAF) sensor. 7. Installation is the reverse of removal.
Mass Airflow SensorOperationThe Mass Airflow (MAF) sensor directly measures the mass of air being drawn into the engine. The sensor output is used to calculate injector pulse width. The (MAF) sensor is what is referred to as a "hot-wire sensor". The sensor uses a thin platinum wire filament, wound on a ceramic bobbin and coated with glass, that is heated to 200*C (417*F) above the ambient air temperature and subjected to the intake airflow stream. A "cold-wire" is used inside the (MAF) sensor to determine the ambient air temperature.Battery voltage from the EEC power relay, and a reference signal and a ground signal from the PCM are supplies to the (MAF) sensor. The sensor returns a signal proportionate to the current flow required to keep the "hot-wire" at the required temperature. The increased airflow across the "hot-wire" acts as a cooling fan, lowering the resistance and requiring more current to maintain the temperature of the wire. The increased current is measured by the voltage in the circuit, as current increases, voltage increases. As the airflow increases the signal return voltage of a normally operating (MAF) sensor will increase.Testing1. Using a multimeter, check for voltage by back probing the (MAF) sensor connector.2. With the key ON, and the engine OFF, verify that there is at least 10.5 volts between the VPWR and GND terminals of the (MAF) sensor connector. If voltage is not within specification, check power and ground circuits and repair as necessary.3. With the key ON, and the engine ON, verify that there is at least 4.5 volts between the SIG and GND terminals of the (MAF) sensor connector. If voltage is not within specification, check power and ground circuits and repair as necessary.4. With the key ON, and the engine ON, check voltage between GND and SIG RTN terminals. Voltage should be approximately 0.34-1.96 volts. If voltage is not within specification, the sensor may be faulty.Removal & Installation (4.6L & 5.4L)1. Disconnect the negative battery cable.2. Release the air cleaner clamp and separate the air cleaner halves.3. Remove the grommet from the air cleaner housing and slide the grommet down the hardness.4. Remove the (MAF) sensor plate and (MAF) sensor from the air cleaner.5. Detach the (MAF) sensor from the harness.6. Remove the retaining nuts and remove the (MAF) sensor.7. Installation is the reverse of removal.Ford Mass Air Flow SensorsCheck link below for picture
Mass Airflow Sensor Operation The Mass Airflow (MAF) sensor directly measures the mass of air being drawn into the engine. The sensor output is used to calculate injector pulse width. The (MAF) sensor is what is referred to as a "hot-wire sensor". The sensor uses a thin platinum wire filament, wound on a ceramic bobbin and coated with glass, that is heated to 200*C (417*F) above the ambient air temperature and subjected to the intake airflow stream. A "cold-wire" is used inside the (MAF) sensor to determine the ambient air temperature. Battery voltage from the EEC power relay, and a reference signal and a ground signal from the PCM are supplies to the (MAF) sensor. The sensor returns a signal proportionate to the current flow required to keep the "hot-wire" at the required temperature. The increased airflow across the "hot-wire" acts as a cooling fan, lowering the resistance and requiring more current to maintain the temperature of the wire. The increased current is measured by the voltage in the circuit, as current increases, voltage increases. As the airflow increases the signal return voltage of a normally operating (MAF) sensor will increase. Testing 1. Using a multimeter, check for voltage by back probing the (MAF) sensor connector. 2. With the key ON, and the engine OFF, verify that there is at least 10.5 volts between the VPWR and GND terminals of the (MAF) sensor connector. If voltage is not within specification, check power and ground circuits and repair as necessary. 3. With the key ON, and the engine ON, verify that there is at least 4.5 volts between the SIG and GND terminals of the (MAF) sensor connector. If voltage is not within specification, check power and ground circuits and repair as necessary. 4. With the key ON, and the engine ON, check voltage between GND and SIG RTN terminals. Voltage should be approximately 0.34-1.96 volts. If voltage is not within specification, the sensor may be faulty. Removal & Installation (4.6L & 5.4L) 1. Disconnect the negative battery cable. 2. Release the air cleaner clamp and separate the air cleaner halves. 3. Remove the grommet from the air cleaner housing and slide the grommet down the hardness. 4. Remove the (MAF) sensor plate and (MAF) sensor from the air cleaner. 5. Detach the (MAF) sensor from the harness. 6. Remove the retaining nuts and remove the (MAF) sensor. 7. Installation is the reverse of removal.
Mass Airflow Sensor Operation The Mass Airflow (MAF) sensor directly measures the mass of air being drawn into the engine. The sensor output is used to calculate injector pulse width. The (MAF) sensor is what is referred to as a "hot-wire sensor". The sensor uses a thin platinum wire filament, wound on a ceramic bobbin and coated with glass, that is heated to 200*C (417*F) above the ambient air temperature and subjected to the intake airflow stream. A "cold-wire" is used inside the (MAF) sensor to determine the ambient air temperature. Battery voltage from the EEC power relay, and a reference signal and a ground signal from the PCM are supplies to the (MAF) sensor. The sensor returns a signal proportionate to the current flow required to keep the "hot-wire" at the required temperature. The increased airflow across the "hot-wire" acts as a cooling fan, lowering the resistance and requiring more current to maintain the temperature of the wire. The increased current is measured by the voltage in the circuit, as current increases, voltage increases. As the airflow increases the signal return voltage of a normally operating (MAF) sensor will increase. Testing 1. Using a multimeter, check for voltage by back probing the (MAF) sensor connector. 2. With the key ON, and the engine OFF, verify that there is at least 10.5 volts between the VPWR and GND terminals of the (MAF) sensor connector. If voltage is not within specification, check power and ground circuits and repair as necessary. 3. With the key ON, and the engine ON, verify that there is at least 4.5 volts between the SIG and GND terminals of the (MAF) sensor connector. If voltage is not within specification, check power and ground circuits and repair as necessary. 4. With the key ON, and the engine ON, check voltage between GND and SIG RTN terminals. Voltage should be approximately 0.34-1.96 volts. If voltage is not within specification, the sensor may be faulty. Removal & Installation (4.6L & 5.4L) 1. Disconnect the negative battery cable. 2. Release the air cleaner clamp and separate the air cleaner halves. 3. Remove the grommet from the air cleaner housing and slide the grommet down the hardness. 4. Remove the (MAF) sensor plate and (MAF) sensor from the air cleaner. 5. Detach the (MAF) sensor from the harness. 6. Remove the retaining nuts and remove the (MAF) sensor. 7. Installation is the reverse of removal.