Lead flashing was commonly used on chimneys, around other roof penetrations such as vent pipes, and roof junctions, such as valleys.
It is still used for this, but is less common because of its cost, and the availability of alternatives. Modern alternatives: pvc, butyl rubber etc. are often less durable.
It is used in sheets to create rain resistant junctions because it is soft and malleable and weather durable. The lead sheets are tapped with a rounded hammer around moulding shapes to conform to the shapes of the building they will be flashing. Because of the malleability of lead, these sheets can be shaped closely to awkward shapes, such as the junction of a sloping roof and a chimney, without the need for the sheet to be cut. Cuts in the sheet would create a potential leak site.
Copper is also used for this purpose as it is also durable and malleable. It is usually more expensive than lead.
Lead and copper should not be used in an area of roof where water is being collected for drinking water.
Lead or copper should not be used where run-off water will flow onto Zincalume coated steel, as this will increase the rate of corrosion. This may also void a manufacturer's guarantee on the product.
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Tin, lead or copper
The profession of chimney sweepers is someone that does a rigorous job of cleaning someones chimney. Chimney sweepers have to be highly skilled, and know what they are getting into.
An umbrella
Prior to caulking the lead joint I use a level then pour the joint and tap each side of the lead so the drain does not shift then finish packing the lead and trim the lead with a trimming iron...same as for CI roof drains except roof drains are slightly counter sunk to allow for the 4 PSF sheet lead flashing
a solar chimney is a black painted chimney that attatches to the side of a biulding, it must be taller than the building though. when the sun heats the chimney, the hot air rises drawing the cold air out from under the ground therefore ventialting the house and also cooling on hot days. to cool you can close the vents that the hot air escapes through and insert fans in the chimney and the hot air will be blown around the house.