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They aren't. High-level languages can either be compiled, interpreted or both. Conversely, low-level languages are assembled.

A compiled language is one that requires a compiler program. The compiler may produce machine code, assembly code or byte code. Machine code can be executed directly without the aid of any additional runtime software -- it is the native language of the machine. Assembly code must be assembled to produce machine code. Languages that compile to assembly code give the programmer the opportunity to optimise the low-level code prior to assembly. Byte code, on the other hand, is code that must be interpreted by an interpreter.

An interpreted language is one where the source code cannot run by itself and must be interpreted by a runtime program, the interpreter. That is, the machine code is produced at runtime by the interpreter and must be re-interpreted every time the program is run. This results in much slower performance and greater memory consumption compared to the machine code programs produced by a compiler or assembler. However, the source code can be executed immediately without waiting for the entire program to be compiled, which can be time consuming with large programs.

C and C++ are both compiled languages that produce machine code. Java, on the other hand, is both compiled and interpreted because it compiles to byte code which is suitable for interpretation by the Java virtual machine. Java's main advantage is that the byte code will operate upon any platform that provides a Java virtual machine implementation (which is pretty much every device these days), without the need to recompile. Conversely, both C and C++ must be recompiled for each target platform. The advantage of these languages is the programs perform better and with less memory consumption than their Java counterparts. More importantly, since they do not require a runtime program to operate, they can be used to write operating systems, drivers and embedded software as well as applications, whereas Java is limited to applications software only.

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13y ago

It would be more precise to say that some programming languages are called high level programming languages.

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