It's common to put arcing horns on the HV side of a power transformer to short out voltage spikes arriving from lightning strikes along the line.
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In general, you can install a wattmeter on the primary or the secondary side of a transformer (it depends what you are trying to measure). But if you are conducting an open- and short-circuit test (to find the transformer's losses), then the wattmeter is connected to the primary side because you want to measure the total (primary + secondary) losses and that is only achievable from the primary side.
Adding a DC voltage to the secondary of a transformer will not have an effect on the primary side, as transformers work on the principle of electromagnetic induction which is based on alternating current. The primary side of the transformer will still operate based on the input AC voltage of 220V. The DC voltage on the secondary side will not be transferred to the primary side.
Yes, but it's usual to have fuses on both sides of the transformer.
the difference between a step up transformer and a step down transformer is that, in a tsep up transformer, the voltage secondary is greater than the primary side but in a step down transformer, the voltage secondary is lesser than the primary side
The 'input' side of a transformer is called its 'primary' side, whereas the 'output' side is termed its 'secondary' side. The ratio of its secondary to primary voltage is equal to the ratio of the number of turns in the secondary windings to the number of turns in the primary winding. So if, for example, a transformer's secondary winding has twice as many turns as its primary winding, then the secondary winding will produce twice the voltage applied to the primary winding.