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A SCR is a Silcon Controlled Recifier. It is a four layer device that can be conceptually considered to be two transistors in latch up configuration. (Though not exactly) For an SCR, there will be no conduction between anode and cathode until the gate / cathode junction is biased on. At that point, the SCR will latch up and conduct from anode to cathode, regardless of further changes on the gate. This condition will persist until the anode / cathode voltage drops to zero. The SCR can be used as a half wave dimmer in an AC circuit. If you want full wave operation, you need to use a bridge rectifier around the SCR, or use a TRIAC/DIAC circuit.
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A thyristor is a type of semi-conductor and is used in a circuit to control the application of electrical power to a load. They are often found as the switching element in light dimmers and can be used as control elements in power supplies (variable or regulated). Types of thyristors are diacs, triacs, sidacs and SCRs (silicon controlled rectifier).
Cycloconverter is a ac to low frequency ac converter.which convert ac to low freq.ac with help of scr.
Once an SCR has been turned on by means of a gate pulse, it latches, or remains on. The only way to turn the SCR off is to either remove the anode to cathode voltage, remove the load current (SCR's have a minimum current below which they will not fire), or reverse bias the SCR. If the SCR is used in an AC circuit, turn off is easy. This is because the voltage falls to zero, then reverse biases the SCR every cycle. This naturally turns off the SCR. In fact, you have to re-trigger the gate every cycle to turn it back on. In a DC circuit, the SCR must be reset by some means as mentioned above. Once the SCR fires, there is nothing you can do to the gate to control the device. The gate only turns it on, not off. There is a similar device, called a GTO, or gate-turn-off device, that can be turned off via the gate. Once an SCR is on it will not turn -off unless the minimum holding current is met. that can be accomplished by reversing anode polarity or by decreasing loading to below holding current