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In the early 1800's. -The first ones were run off a belt from a steam engine in those days. The first electric ones were made about 1914 for use in war products.
The RELAY CIRCUIT used in electronics circuits for ,1. It is used for general mechanical SWITCH.2. It is used in High voltage switching mechanisms3. It is used in High voltage and current Applications.
the old ones with transformers you can correct with capacitors incandescent lamps have unity power factor the newer florescent ballasts are closer to unity but tend more towards capacitance
The ability of any component part to radiate heat depends partly on the materials it is made from and mainly on its surface area. So, as large-sized resistors have a much bigger surface area than small ones, the power rating of a resistor is made according to the power (Watts) it has been designed to dissipate safely without overheating.
Probably not, at least not directly... Potentiometers can be used to vary the voltage in a circuit, but they typically do not have a large power rating. Most DC motors, even small ones, pull enough power to overheat a potentiometer.