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An 'armature winding' is the rotor winding, and the 'field winding' is the stator winding.
Armature is a rotating part of the machine, the coil which wound in the core of that rotating part.
compensating winding is used for equal load sharing of two generators running in parallel. while interpole winding is used to minimise the effect of armature reaction by supporting the main field.
generators have two types of winding , * at armature also called armature winding( winding around shaft , we can say), which is the moving part. note that armature also consists of magnets along with windings. hence produces field arount it. * and at stator also called field winding, because when armature rotates its flux(field) is cutted by the stator windings and produces mutually induced e.m.f in it( in stator windings off course) causing current to flow. this current also produces some electric field around it which is in return cutted by the armature windings hince a little amount of e.m.f ( also called back e.m.f) produced in armature due to stator winding current. know this current in armature (due to back e.m.f produced by stator winding) produces additional field , hence causing more current in stator winding. this is the reason that why stator windings are called field winding( as they cause electric field of armature stronger and cause more current in output). note that out put is taken from the stator windings in generators.
compensating windings are used to overcome armature reaction