A: Analogue signal Direct voltage that varies in the low spectrum of frequency on digital signal the information is deciphered in micro seconds therefore the frequency must be hi the higher the better.
Bit
No. of quantization levels = 2^10 = 1024Voltage range = 10VQuantization interval = 10/1024 = 9.77 mV / level.
32 kHz
Consider this:You want so signal your friend using a torch light. Now you might think there is only one way to signal to your friend by turning on and off the flashlight right? But actually there are more ways.1) Turning on and off the flashlight2) Dimming the torchlight and bringing it back to full shineSo here method 1) is the digital way to signal to your friend and method 2) is the analog way to signal to your friend.Difference: In method one its either full signal or null as in case of digital signal 0 or 1In method two there is always signal(torch is always glowing) but we are signaling by dimming the glow of light.cheers,...kamIn electronics, the term "digital" refers to circuits in which individual data are represented by a discrete set of voltages -- usually only two (i.e., either a "logic 1" or a "logic 0"). In this case, each datum is a binary entity called a bit. Data in the form of numbers other than 0 or 1 (e.g., 2, 365, 3.14159, etc.) are represented as patterns of bits.In analog circuits, each datum is encoded as a continuous voltage within a range. Such circuits are widely used in such application areas as audio electronics, radio, motor control, etc.Historically (c. 1960), analog computers were developed that competed with digital computers. However, digital circuits are at the heart of virtually all modern computers.
A bit interval is an amount of time required to send one signal bit.
Bit Interval: The time required to send one signal bit. Bit Rate: The number of bits that are conveyed or processed per unit of time. (Example: 100MB/sec)
Answeryes it is AnswerRb = 4000 bpsTb = 1/Rb = 250 μsKotsos
A digital signal is a physical signal that is a representation of a sequence of discrete values (a quantified discrete-time signal), for example of an arbitrary bit stream, or of a digitized (sampled and analog-to-digital converted) analog signal. The term digital signal can refer to either of the following:any continuous-time waveform signal used in digital communication, representing a bit stream or other sequence of discrete valuesa pulse train signal that switches between a discrete number of voltage levels or levels of light intensity, also known as a line coded signal or baseband transmission, for example a signal found in digital electronics or in serial communications, or a pulse code modulation (PCM) representation of a digitized analog signal.A signal that is generated by means of a digital modulation method (digital passband transmission), to be transferred between modems, is in the first case considered as a digital signal, and in the second case as converted to an analog signal.
Analog signals represent values with a continuously variable level. The signal has an infinite number of possible levels. Because the signal is infinitely variable, it can be affected by outside interference as well as by the circuits that carry and process the signal. These are the sources of noise and distortion. A system that handles analog information must be able to operate at the highest frequency that the signal will use. For audio, that is typically 20KHz and for video, in the region of 10MHz. A digital signal represents values in discrete steps and is often shown as a numeric value. The signal has a limited number of steps and there is no way to represent any intermediate values. The limitation in the number of steps is in itself a source of distortion but the nature of digital signals is that they are resistant to distortion and noise so the signal will not be degraded further. As the number of possible values increases, so the distortion caused by digitizing the signal will reduce. A digital system typically has to operate at far higher frequencies than its analog counterpart. Using audio signals as an example, a typical digital signal will capture a 16 bit value 44000 times each second. The frequency response of circuits handling the data will need to be in the region of 700KHz rather than the 20KHz for an analog signal.
It is possible to record audio into the Sony GV-HD700 with no video signal attached. You have to use the analog audio inputs. Since you are essentially recording a blank video signal along with the audio to DV tape, it is not a pratical way to record, and modern solid-state recorders are capable of much better audio quality than the HD700, which is limited to 16-bit, 48 kHz.
A: Analogue signal Direct voltage that varies in the low spectrum of frequency on digital signal the information is deciphered in micro seconds therefore the frequency must be hi the higher the better.
A simple on-off witch gives a digital signal. And the temperature / time sensor in my toaster. But most sensors and transducers actually produce an analog signal, which is then digitally conditioned. This conditioning is done because modern techniques allow quite large resolution (256 - bit resolution or better for example) to be developed. And one notable advantage of digital signal processing is that signal noise is largely eliminated.
PCM technique is used to convert analog voice signals into digital. In PCM the analog frequency is first sampled and then converted into binary bits. Each samples are taken as 8bits long. Basic communication theory requires that a minimum sampling rate of twice the frequency of the signal to be sampled will result in an accurate representation of the original signal.Human voice can have max 4000hz frequency, therefore sampling rate should be 8000 samples/sec.Which implies required bit rate for transmitting voice is 8000*8 = 64000 bits/sec = 64kbps.
Basically, modem is used to connect the analog world to the digital world. In other words, you can say it is the device that is used to convert the analog signal to digital signal. For eg. the modem connected with a computer is usually converts the analog signal that comes through the wire to the digital bit bcoz computer can only understands the digital signal...
bit signal - original intended bit value that was sentdirty bit - corrupted incorrect bit value modified by noise eventsThe dirty bit may or may not match the bit signal originally sent, it may have been modified more than once by different noise events.
Analog audio, like other analog signals, can be affected by external factors that are able to alter the signal. The factors include other electrical signals or magnetic fields for example. Analog signals that are carried a long distance can suffer from losses such as reduced levels, reduced high frequencies or noise being induced along the length of the cable. There are many techniques used to overcome these weaknesses and they provide the means to transmit analog signals with great clarity. While digital signals tend to overcome many of the analog problems, analog still has the ability to deliver results that are every bit as good, and sometimes, better results than digital.