resistive sensors
1. potentiometer
2. thermistor
3. piezo resistive
voltage generation sensor
1.piezoelectric
2.magnetic inductance
3.zirconia-dioxide
switch sensor
1. photo transisstor
2.speed sensor
3.G-sensor
actuators
1. stepper motor
2. solenoids
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Your car uses many sensors that measure temperature, speed, voltage, fluid level, light, wetness, radio waves, motion, engine wear, time, door ajar, security codes, GPS signals, phone signals, crash points, skidding, pressure, oxygen, and air flow.
Sensors are used to detect things, such as motion, light, or color.
Strain gage based sensors are mostly used.
It depends what kind of sensor you mean. There are lots of sensors in trains already... for such things as heat/smoke detectors, doors (which stop the train moving unless the doors are closed, fuel, signal sensors..... etc
The sensors that an engineer puts on a robot are entirely dependent upon the functions that the engineer perceives that the the robot will be called upon to perform. Some, but not all, of the sensors may be: proximity sensors, pressure sensors, light sensors, magnetic sensors, a camera, temperature sensors, accelerometer, speed sensor... The question isn't, "what sensors does a robot have", but rather, "what sensors does the engineer think that the robot should have?"
sensors for mechanics