Silicon
a list of processed technologies
Yes, germanium was the only material used in transistors from when they were invented in 1947 until 1954 when the first successful silicon transistor was made. However the use of germanium still dominated transistors until the silicon mesa transistor was made commercially available by Fairchild Semiconductor in 1958. Development of the silicon planar transistor by Fairchild Semiconductor the next year ultimately made the integrated circuit possible. While almost all transistors today are silicon, there are still uses for germanium transistors so a few types are still made.
The primary reason that NPN transistors are used more often than PNP transistors is that they usually operate faster (at higher frequencies) because the mobility of the current carriers in NPN transistors (electrons) is much higher than that of the current carriers in PNP transistors (holes).
You need to know the specifications for the transistors and search for them on the internet.
old materials and improved materials
Silicon
Silicon is the substance in sand that is used in making transistors. Silicon is used as the raw material for producing the silicon wafers, which are then processed to create the transistors.
Modern silicon transistors are by layering a semi conductor material on top of a conductor material on top of a semi conductor material. Various materials have been tried to improve the effeciency of the transistor. Most transistors these days come as part of an intergrated circuit or IC
transistor are materials they have to be extracted and purified this relies on chemistry and material science
telephone-cellphone
a list of processed technologies
Power transistors are transistors that are used in high-power amplifiers and power supplies.
The use of substrate in Field Effect Transistors is for it to serve as insulating material between the gate and the source.
Transistors are made out of semiconductors, yes.
Yes, germanium was the only material used in transistors from when they were invented in 1947 until 1954 when the first successful silicon transistor was made. However the use of germanium still dominated transistors until the silicon mesa transistor was made commercially available by Fairchild Semiconductor in 1958. Development of the silicon planar transistor by Fairchild Semiconductor the next year ultimately made the integrated circuit possible. While almost all transistors today are silicon, there are still uses for germanium transistors so a few types are still made.
material that has been improved by technological