Bridges and switches operate at the same OSI layer - layer 2. That means they switch packets based on the destination MAC address. A switch is sometimes called a multi-port bridge.A bridge has 2 ports, whereas a switch can have many more than that.
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The OSI Model
The application layer.
The data link layer (2nd layer), the network layer (3rd layer) and the transport layer (4th layer) each handle their own specific errors, which should prevent errors in both directions. Any untrapped errors will result in a corrupt transmission which may or may not be handled by the appropriate endpoint, dependant upon the protocol.
Hubs and repeaters operate at the Physical Layer of the OSI Model. The Physical Layer is the first layer of the OSI Model.
Hubs are a physical layer (layer 1) device; most switches operate at the Data Link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model.
Layer 3
Repeaters operate at the physical layer of the OSI model.
1. Repeaters (Operate at the OSI Physical Layer).2. Bridges (Operate at the OSI Data Link Layer).3. Routers {and Brouters} (Operate at the OSI Network Layer).
The NIC operates on Layer 2 (Data Link Layer) of the OSI Model.
Router works in Network Layer of OSI model
Network Layer
Layer 2 - Data Link
All layers.
Layer 5 - Session layer
ODBC and SQL operate at Session Layer.