The simplest form of an electrical circuit is when an energy source (such as a battery) is connected to a load (such as a light bulb or a resistor). The connections must be made in such a way as to allow the energy to flow from the source, through the load and back into the source to form a loop.
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What is probably the most fundamental circuit is one called a series circuit. It might be like a flashlight. In this simple series circuit, there are batteries (cells) and a lamp and a switch, plus the wiring. The defining characteristic is that there is one and only one path for current flow. All the current in the circuit must pass through each part of the circuit. A single break anywhere in the circuit will stop current flow.
No. Touching a live electric current is never a good idea.
A series circuit only has one loop
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voltage is devided only in series circuit and is the same at the parallel circuit
A circuit breaker must be reset to ON after a short circuit but does not need to be replaced. It depends on the type of CB. A fuse is also a circuit breaker and it needs to be replaced after a short circuit. Relayed circuit breakers have to be "picked up" after a dropout and need not be replaced as such.