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The total resistance of a circuit is the sum of the supply's internal resistance and its load resistance, because they are in series with each other. This is true regardless of the magnitude of, or the variation in, the current.
No. Load resistance is the value of the element actually doing the work of the circuit it is connected to. A speaker connected to an amplifier is the load.
A: That will happen anytime the voltage source is not able to provide the power needed for the load. If the load exceed the power available from the source the voltage will be reduced as IR drop from the source
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It must mean a load that is not constant, or does not follow a straight line relation with some other parameter. For example air resistance- the drag on a vehicle increases as the square of the speed, so the load on the motor increases at a similar rate ( or at least that part of the motor load used to overcome air resistance)