On very basic level, HTML is simple and is universal throughout all the browsers/os/devices. With HTML5, you can even write complicated applications for across the platforms access.
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http://www.w3schools.com/HTML/
yes you can use any text editing software to make a HTML file. Just use the rules of HTML and save it as htm or HTML and your good to go.
There are a number of advantages of HTML but a number of constraints too. You cannot use conditioning statements in HTML.
Some tools people could use to validate HTML code are Dr. Watson, Validate HTM Firefox add on and WDG HTML validator. Also popular to validate HTML codes are Cahse HTML validator life and HTML Toolbox.
All websites use HTML, but some sites use HTML in conjunction with one or more other coding languages like Javascript or CSS. HTML-only means it uses just the basic coding.