A conductor is a material which allows elctronic flow through it with some finite (though usually very small) resistance as opposed to a dielectric, the other name for an insulator, that provides ideally infinite resistance to current flow at all temperatures.
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A dielectric is an insulator which, when exposed to an electric field, results in the distortion of the electron orbits surrounding its fixed nucleii, and causes the polarisation of those atoms. The direction of this polarisation is opposite to that of the electric field and, therefore, acts to reduce the magnitude of the field. In the case of a capacitor, dielectrics, therefore, act to change the capacitance of a capacitor which otherwise depends upon the distance between their plates, and the area of those plates. This property is independent of a dielectric's insulating property.
a major advantage of this form of heating is the ability to repadily heat throughout the volume
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Both are two different scales of hardness measurement.
Science focuses on gaining knowledge about the natural world, whereas technology focuses on creating new products or processes for human use.
CPP typically stands for the C PreProcessor, which does macro expansion on C source code. What I suspect you want to know are the differences between C++ and Java. See the links below for more information on that topic.