Conjugation is a mechanisms used by bacteria to move genes between cells by exchanging a circular extrachromosomal DNA with each other. Transduction is when viruses that infect bacteria accidentally take some bacterial genes with them into a new cell that htey infect (kinda like STDs). Transformation is when a bacteria gets DNA from its environment.
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Transformation is when foreign DNA is taken from the outside environment. Transduction is when phages carry prokaryotic genes from one host cell to another.
Bacteria can achieve genetic variation through three main processes: transformation, conjugation, and transduction. In transformation, bacteria uptake free DNA from their environment, which can originate from lysed cells. Conjugation involves the direct transfer of DNA between two bacterial cells through a physical connection called a pilus. Transduction occurs when bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria) transfer genetic material from one bacterium to another, facilitating the exchange of genes. These mechanisms enhance genetic diversity and adaptability in bacterial populations.
The most important source of variability in bacteria is mutation.
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