Permissible stress design (in USA construction more commonly called allowable stress design) is a design philosophy used by civil engineers. The designer ensures that the stresses developed in a structure due to service loads do not exceed the elastic limit.
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A factor of safety against yield is applied to design stress Yield Stress/ Design Stress = Factor of safety The factor of safety varies for different industries; 1.5 is used in structural steel design for buildings; 1.25 or even 1.1 for aircraft/space systems
stress in old concrete
C8 stress
1400Kgf/cm2
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