Ripple factor (γ) may be defined as the ratio of the root mean square (rms) value
of the ripple voltage to the absolute value of the dc component of the output ...
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Ripple factor can be defined as "the ratio of the root mean square (rms) value of the ripple voltage to the absolute value of the dc component of the output voltage." This is usually expressed as a percentage.
Ripple factor can be defined as the variation of the amplitude of DC (Direct current) due to improper filtering of AC power supply.
it can be measured by
RF = vrms / vdc
Ripple, in DC power supplies, is technically unitless. Ripple voltage is specified in Volts/Volt, or a percentage. For example, a 12VDC power supply with 120mV (pk-pk) of ripple voltage is (0.12/12) = 1% ripple voltage.
although the AC signal is rectified the output which we get is the pulsating DC which is not desired because many appliances wok on plain DC voltage . The pulsating DC can be viewed as AC + DC component of the signal ripple factor of a rectified circuit is the ratio of AC component of signal to the DC component of the same rectified output signal. higher the ripple factor says that the signal is not smooth so lesser is its application. the components used to smooth these type of signals or to remove the 'ripple voltage' as called filters
Vp=2 Vdc=50 r=Vrms/Vdc Vrms=Vp/1.121 so r=0.028
ripple can understand as rise in sine wave.thus ripple-less means a straight line parallel to x-axis i.e. bump-less line.capacitor is a component which store charge.it charge through a.c. and behave as battery on full charge.and we all know battery gives a d.c. i.e. ripple less graph.
How often the ripple occurs i.e. times the ripple occurs per second. The ripple should be a repeating pattern. Figure out where the ripple repeats and measure how long each repetition takes. Measure this in seconds. The frequency is 1/Time where time is the time measured previously.