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In general Electricity supply companies charge consumers for the amount of power that they consume in addition to the amount of energy they consume.

By power it is meant the rate at which they consume the energy.

If for example you have two consumers who both use the same amount of electricity in a month but one uses it over two days and one over the whole month, the one that uses it over the two days will be penalised in their billing because the supply company will need to install more expensive, higher capacity equipment to supply them.

The financial benefit of peak lopping is reflected in the billing by the supply company. there is a charge per unit energy in cents/kWh and a demand charge which is based on the maximum demand that is recorded for the billing period, this is in $/kVA (power) the much more expensive one is the demand charge so it is better to draw energy for longer periods of time at cents/kWh than to draw it quickly and pay a premium rate for the demand in $/kVA.

Peak-lopping refers to a situation whereby the consumer choses to cut the peak demand that they require in order to avoid paying the penalties associated.

There are various means of implementing peak-lopping measures. in some buildings the Building Management System will simply switch off items such as Geysers and certain Air Conditioning units when the building starts drawing too much power.

Other means of peak-lopping generally involve storing the energy in some way during times of low demand for use later when it is needed during times of higher demand. An example of such a solution would be to use electricity during the night to make ice in an insulated ice storage tank and use the ice during the day to cool the Air conditioning units. This would reduce the amount of power they require during the day when there is a high demand for electricity.

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Q: What is peak lopping?
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Peak to Peak is the most positive peak to the negative peak value. Or find any peak value and multiply by 2.


What is the effective value of 200 volts peak-to-peak?

200 volts peak-to-peak is 100 volts peak, which is 70.7 volts rms (standing for root-mean-square) also called "effective". This 70.7 volts is the DC voltage with the same heating power as the peak-to-peak. The relationship is: rms (aka RMS) equals peak-to-peak divided by 2, then divided again by square-root of 2 (1.414). The division by 2 gets us from peak-to-peak to just peak. The next division takes us to rms. If you get an AC voltrage with no description, for exmple 120 volts AC, it is RMS (effective). The USA AC standard supply voltage is 120 (also called 117) volts RMS. The USA peak is 117 x 1.414 (square root of 2) = 165 volts peak, = 330 volts peak-to-peak.


Are peak-to-peak and rms voltage measurements the same?

No, the peak-to-peak voltage is 2sqrt(2) times as much as the rms for a pure sine-wave.


How to calculate the peak-to-peak value of a signal?

A: AC or our line voltage is sinusoidal in nature it goes up to a positive peak returns to zero and proceed to the negative peak. 120V AC is actually swinging from peak to peak. It is 120 volts but the peak is the 120 v times 1.41 or 169.2 volts and since it also go negative then the peak to peak 120 volts times 2.82 or 338.40 volts or twice the peak voltage

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