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You shouldn't need to perform a polarity test on a CT, as its terminals are normally identified with polarity markings.
To test polarity on a boiler set the meter to loop, touch the two leads together, and it will buzz or read as "000". This will show you the polarity as well as test for continuity.
Knowing the polarity of transformers is important if they are to be connected in parallel.
Different material welds differently depending on polarity. There are also different types of welding rods, so polarity must be tested.
A 'polarity test', as it applies to a switch, is performed to confirm that the switch is located in the line conductor and not in the neutral conductor.