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What is the difference between brute force search and heuristic search?
Brute force is a systematic approach. Heuristics use educated guesses, rules of thumb and common sense.
What are the purpose of an algorithm?
As described in the link, an algorithm (the word is based on the name of the Arabic scholar who developed the concept) is a finite list of steps that can be taken in order to solve a specific problem or to produce a certain result. It is important to note that an algorithm does not put you into an infinite loop. There is a path to a final conclusion. It was first developed as a set of procedures for doing arithmetic calculations. Algorithms can be pictured with familiar symbols (see link) like boxes, diamond shapes, circles, etc. connected by arrows showing various points of decision making, and what conclusions can be drawn if you end up at a given point (presuming you followed the 'flow' correctly, and answered the questions accurately-- and also presuming that the algorithm is rigorous.) Of course, the concept is easily applicable to all kinds of engineering and theoretical areas. Algorithms are 'heuristic', meaning that they are seen as basically unjustified, and incapable of justification in and of themselves. This is really a basic and very powerful idea. Heuristics are completely flexible, and they can grow and change as the various conclusions and outcomes are examined. nice answer
