A mangonel is the perfect example of a torsion engine. The drive provided to this ancient catapult comes from a mass of twisted ropes which create torsion and when released provide the energy required to hurl whatever it is you wish.
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It is very important to find the shear center for the beams or sections that are undergoing majority of the load under torsion or twisting then the material will not fail under torsion as at shear centre there will be no effect of torsion or twisting. It will fail only by bending or any other force.
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There are 3 ways to prevent rusting A. Plate the metal with another metal, expensive. B. Paint or coat the metal with a chemical that prevents the metal from getting wet. C. Chemically treat the metal so it can only rust a little and it cannot rust through. Depending on what you are working with would determines the method you use.
Pure shear applies when you twist something (torsion) or under direct lateral load with no bending, as in a pin